REMEDY

REMEDY (REM Sleep Behavior Disorder Education Delivery) is an education resources portal designed to provide patients, loved ones, physicians, researchers and other interested parties with information about REM Sleep Behavior Disorder, clinical studies, research opportunities and other important information. Please explore the portal areas below to learn more.

Have you been diagnosed with RBD? Explore resources and opportunities to participate in research.

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Learn more about REM Sleep Behavior Disorder, how to get diagnosed and resources for loved ones.

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Learn about RBD diagnosis and explore active areas of research in synucleinopathies.

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RBD in the News

AAN 2024 | Establishing the North American Prodromal Synucleinopathy (NAPS) Consortium

Aleksandar Videnovic, MD, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, talks on the establishment of the North American Prodromal Synucleinopathy (NAPS) Consortium.

What is Frontotemporal Dementia?

As the name suggests, Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) affects the frontal lobe and/or temporal lobes of the brain. Signs and symptoms vary, depending on which part of the brain is atrophying, or shrinking. Genetic mutations and dysfunctional proteins in the brain have been linked to FTD.

A Neurological Disease Paradigm Shift

In a paper published in The Lancet Neurology, a group of scientists, including NAPS Co-Investigator, Ronald Postuma, MD, MSc (McGill), argue that developing effective treatments for Parkinson’s disease demands a new way of classifying the disease for research purposes, one based not on clinical diagnosis but biology. The authors have called their biological model “SynNeurGe”.

Insights Into Prodromal Parkinson's and REM Sleep Behavior Disorder

Indu Subramanian (UCLA) speaks with REM Sleep Behavior Disorder (RBD) expert and NAPS Co-Investigator, Ronald Postuma, MD, MSc (McGill), about prodromal Parkinsons's disease and it's link to RBD.

Research Reveals Crucial Role of Saturated Fatty Acids in Memory Creation Process

Researchers uncover how brain fats are crucial for memory, identifying genes that could lead to treatments for Alzheimer's. This new understanding of fatty acids opens exciting avenues for neurodegenerative disease therapies.

RBD Quote of the Week: Aleksandar Videnovic, MD, MSc | Massachusetts General Hospital

“By focusing on RBD research, we have an unprecedented opportunity to develop clinical trials aimed at stopping the progression of neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson’s, dementia with Lewy bodies, and multiple system atrophy. I can’t think of more rewarding work.”

– Aleksandar Videnovic, MD, MSc
Massachusetts General Hospital

Aggregation and beyond: alpha-synuclein-based biomarkers in synucleinopathies

Many studies have posed a-synuclein as a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for Parkinson's Disease. Due to its abundance in the body, several modes for sample collection are currently being investigated, including tissue and fluid samples.

Installation of Yo-El Ju, MD as the Barbara Burton and Reuben M. Morriss III Professor at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis

The professorship was created through a bequest from the late Reuben M. Morriss III and Barbara Burton Morriss to Washington University, to advance Alzheimer’s disease research.

NAPS Consortium Site Spotlight: Emory University

Our team is committed to further the NAPS study's mission to support clinical care, advance discovery, promote education, and engage our community in order to improve the quality of life and care of individuals living with RBD. Learn more about the team at Emory University.

2nd Annual Center on Biological Rhythms and Sleep</a> Symposium

2nd Annual Center on Biological Rhythms and Sleep Symposium

The 2nd Annual Center on Biological Rhythms and Sleep Symposium was held at the Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis in May 2023.

NAPS Consortium Site Spotlight: OHSU + VA Portland Health Care System (VAPORHCS)

NAPS Consortium Site Spotlight: UCLA

NAPS Consortium Site Spotlight: University of Minnesota

NAPS Consortium Site Spotlight: McGill University Health Centre Research Institute

When Dreams Foreshadow Brain Disease

From Scientific American

NAPS Consortium Site Spotlight: Washington University

Dr. Ronald Postuma on REM Sleep Behavior Disorder

For CTV News Montreal

'I Have REM Sleep Behavior Disorder, Which Causes Me To Sleepwalk Myself Into Scary Situations'

By Camille Falconnier For Women’s Health Magazine

Mysterious Sleep Disorders

By Margot Kim For ABC 30 Fresno

REM sleep behavior disorder could lead to dementia

By Denise Dador For ABC7 Los Angeles

Acting Out Dreams Linked to Development of Dementia, Mayo Clinic Study Finds

By Mayo Clinic News Network

REM Sleep Disorder Doubles Risk Of Mild Cognitive Impairment/Parkinson’s

By Joel Streed For Mayo Clinic News Network

'Night terrors' often misdiagnosed

By ABC7 Los Angeles

Additional Resources

Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson’s Research

American Parkinson Disease Foundation

Lewy Body Dementia Association

The MSA Coalition

International RBD Study Group

Defeat MSA

+ Information About RBD

Overview of REM Sleep Behavior Disorder

Online Neurolearn course about REM Sleep Behavior Disorder

Textbook About RBD: Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder

Primer on RBD

+ Forms for Researchers

Feasibility Questionnaire

Data Request

Data Sharing Policy

NAPS2 Mentorship Program for Junior Investigator

Scientific Papers on RBD Written by NAPS Consortium Team Members

+ General Information on RBD

Avidan, Alon and Porter, VR. "Overview of REM Behavioral Sleep Disorder: Clinical Manifestations, Pathophysiology and Current Treatment Options." Seminars in Neurology. 2017. Online.

Boeve, Bradley. "REM Sleep Behavior Disorder: Updated Review of the Core Features, the REM Sleep Behavior Disorder-Neurodegenerative Disease Association, Evolving Concepts, Controversies, and Future Directions." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 2009. Online

Boeve, Bradley and St Louis, Erik. "REM Sleep Behavior Disorder: Diagnosis, Clinical Implications, and Future Directions." Mayo Clinic Proceedings. 2017. Online.

St Louis, Erik. "Key sleep neurologic disorders: Narcolepsy, restless legs syndrome/Willis-Ekbom disease, and REM sleep behavior disorder." Neurology Clinical Practice. 2014. Online.

"Virtual Issue on REM Sleep Behavior Disorder." Sleep. Ed. Carlos Schenck. Vol. 41, Issue 2, 2018. Online.

+ Link With Neurodegenerative Disease

Arnaldi D, Antelmi E, St Louis, Erik, Postuma RB, and Arnulf I. "Idiopathic REM Sleep Behavior Disorder and Neurodegenerative Risk: To Tell or not to Tell to the Patient? How to Minimize the Risk?" Sleep Medicine Reviews. Vol. 36, Pgs. 82-95, 2017. Online.

Boeve, Bradley. "Idiopathic REM Sleep Behaviour Disorder in the Development of Parkinson's Disease." The Lancet. 2013. Online.

Boeve, Bradley, Silber MH, Saper CB, Ferman TJ, Dickson DW, Parisi JE, Benarroch EE, Ahlskog JE, Smith GE, Caselli RC, Tippman-Peikert M, Olson EJ, Lin SC, Young T, Wszolek Z, Schenck, Carlos, Mahowald MW, Castillo PR, Del Tredici K, Braak H. "Pathophysiology of REM Sleep Behaviour Disorder and Relevance to Neurodegenerative Disease." Brain. 2007. Online.

Howell, Michael and Schenck, Carlos. "Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder and Neurodegenerative Disease." JAMA Neurology. Vol 27, No. 6, 2015. Online.

Malhotra R, Avidan, Alon. "Neurodegenerative Disease and REM Behavior Disorder." Current Treatment Options in Neurology. Vol. 14, Issue 5. pgs. 474-492, 2012. Online.

McCarter SJ, St Louis, Erik, and Boeve, Bradley. "REM Sleep Behavior Disorder and REM Sleep Without Atonia as an Early Manifestation of Degenerative Neurological Disease." Current Treatment Options in Neurology. 2012. Online.

Postuma, Ronald, Gagnon JF, Vendette M, Fantini ML, Massicotte-Marquez J, Montplaisir J. "Quantifying the Risk of Neurodegenerative Disease in Idiopathic REM Sleep Behavior Disorder." Neurology. 2009. Online.

St Louis, Erik, Boeve AR, and Boeve, Bradley. "REM Sleep Behavior Disorder in Parkinson's Disease and Other Synucleinopathies." Movement Disorders. Vol. 32, No. 5, 2017. Online.

+ Clinical Features and Case Series

Bliwise Donald, Rye DB. "Elevated PEM (Phasic Electromyographic Metric) Rates Identify Rapid Eye Movement Behavior Disorder Patients on Nights Without Behavioral Abnormalities." SLEEP, Vol. 31, No. 6, 2008. Online.

Ju, Yo-El, Larson-Prior L, Duntley S. "Changing Demographics in REM Sleep Behavior Disorder: Possible Effect of Autoimmunity and Antidepressants." Sleep Medicine. 2011. Online.

McCarter SJ, St Louis, Erik, Boeve, Bradley, Sandness DJ, Silber MH. "Greatest Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Atonia Loss in Men and Older Age." Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology. 2014. Online.

McCarter SJ, St Louis, Erik, Sandness DJ, Arndt KA, Erickson MK, Tabatabai GM, Boeve, Bradley, Silber MH. "Antidepressants Increase REM Sleep Muscle Tone in Patients With and Without REM Sleep Behavior Disorder." SLEEP, Vol. 38, No. 6, 2015. Online.

McCarter SJ, St Louis, Erik, Sandness DJ, Duwell EJ, Timm PC, Boeve, Bradley, Silber MH. "Diagnostic REM Sleep Muscle Activity Thresholds in Patients with Idiopathic REM Sleep Behavior Disorder With and Without Obstructive Sleep Apnea." Sleep Medicine. 2016. Online.

McCarter SJ, St Louis, Erik, Duwell EJ, Timm PC, Sandness DJ, Boeve, Bradley, Silber MH. "Diagnostic Thresholds for Quantitative REM Sleep Phasic Burst Duration, Phasic and Tonic Muscle Activity, and REM Atonia Index in REM Sleep Behavior Disorder With and Without Comorbid Obstructive Sleep Apnea." SLEEP, Vol. 37, No. 10, 2014. Online.

McCarter SJ, St Louis, Erik, Boswell CL, Dueffert LG, Slocumb N, Boeve, Bradley, Silber MH, Olson EJ, Morgenthaler TI, Tippmann-Peikert M. "Factors Associated with Injury in REM Sleep Behavior Disorder." Sleep Medicine. 2014. Online.

Neme, S. and Avidan, Alon. Ed. N. Foldvary-Schaefer, K. Budur, and J. Krishna "Clinical Overview of REM Sleep Behavior Disorder." A Case a Week: Sleep Disorders from the Cleveland Clinic. 2010. Print.

Olson EJ, Boeve, Bradley, Silber MH. "Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behaviour Disorder: Demographic, Clinical and Laboratory Findings in 93 Cases." Brain. Pgs. 331-339. 2000. Online.

+ Treatments

Aurora RN, Zak RS, Maganti RK, Auerbach SH, Casey KR, Chowdhuri S, Karippot A, Ramar K, Kristo DA, Morgenthaler TI; Standards of Practice Committee; American Academy of Sleep Medicine. "Best Practice Guide for the Treatment of REM Sleep Behavior Disorder (RBD)." Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine, Vol.6, No. 1, 2010. Online.

Batalini F, Avidan, Alon, Moseley BD, Ringman JM. "Improvement of Dream Enactment Behavior Associated With Levetiracetam Treatment in Dementia With Lewy Bodies." Alzheimer Disease & Associated Disorders. 2016. Print.

McCarter SJ, Boswell CL, St Louis, Erik, Dueffert LG, Slocumb N, Boeve. Bradley, Silber MH, Olson EJ, Tippmann-Peikert M. "Treatment Outcomes in REM Sleep Behavior Disorder." Sleep Medicine. 2013. Online.

McGrane IR, Leung JG, St Louis, Erik, Boeve, Bradley. "Melatonin Therapy for REM Sleep Behavior Disorder: A Critical Review of Evidence." Sleep Medicine. 2014. Online.

+ Trial Planning

Boeve, Bradley; Molano JR; Ferman TJ; Lin Siong- Chi; Bieniek K; Tippmann-Peikert M; Boot B; St Louis, Erik; Knopman DS; Petersen RC; Silber MH. "Validation of the Mayo Sleep Questionnaire to Screen for REM Sleep Behavior Disorder in a Community-Based Sample." Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine, Vol. 9, No. 5, 2013. Online.

Postuma, Ronald, Gagnon JF, Bertrand JA, Génier Marchand D, Montplaisir JY. "Parkinson Risk in Idiopathic REM Sleep Behavior Disorder: Preparing for Neuroprotective Trials." Neurology. 2015. Online.

Schenck, C, Montplaisir JY, Frauscher B, Hogl B, Gagnon JF, Postuma R, Sonka K, Jennum P, Partinen M, Arnulf I, Cochen de Cock V, Dauvilliers Y, Luppi PH, Heidbreder A, Mayer G, Sixel-Döring F, Trenkwalder C, Unger M, Young P, Wing YK, Ferini-Strambi L, Ferri R, Plazzi G, Zucconi M, Inoue Y, Iranzo A, Santamaria J, Bassetti C, Möller JC, Boeve B, Lai YY, Pavlova M, Saper C, Schmidt P, Siegel JM, Singer C, St Louis E, Videnovic A, Oertel W. "Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder: Devising Controlled Active Treatment Studies for Symptomatic and Neuroprotective Therapy--a Consensus Statement From the International Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder Study Group." Sleep Medicine. 2014. Online.

Join the REM Sleep Behavior Disorder Registry

The NAPS Consortium on REM Sleep Behavior Disorder (RBD) has established a registry for individuals living with RBD, partners and family of someone diagnosed with RBD, and those wanting to learn more about RBD.

This information is used to identify study participants, assist care teams providing care to individuals with RBD and to study RBD treatments and outcomes.

Your privacy is important to us. All personal health information (PHI) is protected and stored in a HIPAA compliant system.